MU‘ĀWIYA’S MONARCHY

[1] Waq‘at Siffīn, p.63
[2] Waq‘at Siffīn, p.64
[3] Nahdj al-balāgha, letter 28
[4] al-Futūh, vol.IV, p.237
[5] Ansāb al-ashrāf, Vol.II, p.216

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as alleging that this empire and caliphate has been laid amongst Quraysh except whom no other one has the eligibility of a caliph. [1]

Addressing the dwellers of Medina who hesitated to swear allegiance to Yazīd, Rawh Ibn Zinbā‘ belonging to the tribe of Djudhām and from among the devotees of the Umayya in Damascus said, “We are not soliciting you to swear allegiance to the tribes of Lakhm, Djudhām or Kalb, ولكنا ندعوكم الى قريش ومن جعل الله له هذا الأمر واختصّه “We are summoning you toward Quraysh and the one for whom Allāh has uniquely assigned this authority, namely Yazīd Ibn Mu‘āwiya.” [2]

The counterfeit Hadiths prevailing were plentiful among which were “The one disdaining Quraysh has indeed disdained Allāh”. [3] “The formost Imāms for the nation are the ones from Quraysh.” [4] It is astonishing that to substantiate their nobleness, they availed themselves of their consanguinity with Allāh’s Apostle(s) [5], though they antagonized his close kins.

The Umayya’s Quraysh-oriented policy was manifest in Umayya’s ruthlessness against Ansār.

Akhtal, an Umayya poet, had composed, “Quraysh is the possessor of the entire virtuousness and greatness whereas contemptability is under the turban of Ansār. [6] Enumerating the grounds for his triumph over ‘Alī (a), Mu‘āwiya referred to his fine relation with Quraysh. [7]

Mu‘tazila has indicted Mu‘āwiya for initiating fatalism in the Islamic world. [8] It can be avowed that faith in fatalism in Arab world has had it’s

[1] al-Fitna wa waq‘at al-djamal, p. 109; from: Min dawlat ‘Umar ilā dawlat ‘Abd al-Malik, p. 109
[2] al-Bayān wa l-tabyīn, Vol.I, p.300; al-Shuwrā fi l-‘Asr al-umawī, p.34; Later on, when two Umayya (‘Abd Allāh Ibn ‘Umar Ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz with Sulaymān Ibn Hishām) performed their prayers led by one of Khāridjites, an outsider composed,
الم تر انّالله أظهر دينه وصلّت قريش خلف بكر بن وائل
Not you know Allāh’s religion won while Quraysh performed its prayer behind the tribe of Bakr Ibn Wā’il
al-Bayān wa l-tabyīn, vol.I, p.343, vol.II, p.265; Shi‘r al-khāridjites, p.208, from Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol.VIII, p.365, vol.III, p.137; Tārīkh al-tabarī, Vol.II, p.1913
[3] Mukhtasar Tārīkh Dimashq, vol.III, p.318, vol.VI, p95; al-Basā’ir wa l-dhakā’ir, p.35
[4] Mukhtasar Tārīkh Dimashq, vol.VI, p.148
[5] al-Bayān wa l-tabyīn, vol.II, p.67
[6] al-Aghānī, vol.XVI, pp.35-36; al-Shi‘r wa l-shu‘arā’, p.302; see: al-Bayān wa l-tabyīn, vol.I, p.63
[7] al-Bayān wa l-tabyīn, vol.II, p.115
[8] Tabaqāt al-mu‘tazila, p.6; Fadl al-I‘tizāl wa Tabaqāt al-mu‘tazila, p.143, al-Awā’íl, Abū Hilāl Askarī, vol.II, p.125

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